The manuscript shall be submitted to the editor through the email address editor.journal@kafu.ac.ke.

Eligibility:
All submitted manuscripts must be original, unpublished, and not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
Manuscripts should be written in clear and concise English, and authors from non-Englishspeaking countries may consider using professional editing services before submission.
There should be no conflict of interest.
The authors agree to grant the first editing/publishing rights to the journal upon acceptance.

Article Types:
We welcome the following types of submissions:
Research Articles: These should be original research work presenting new findings. The number of words should range between 3,000 to 8,000.
Review Articles: These should cover comprehensive analyses of existing literature and recent developments with words ranging from 6,000 to 10,000.
Short Communications: These are brief reports of new findings or summarized scientifically significant ideas of up to 2,500 words.
Commentaries/Opinions: Thought-provoking discussions, critiques, or perspectives on recent work which should have between 1,500 to 2,000 words.
Methodological Papers: These are 2-3 page contributions describing novel methods, techniques, or tools
Case studies should not exceed 3,000 words
*All the above number of words are exclusive of tables, figures and references

Manuscript preparation:
Manuscripts should be typed in 12-point Times New Roman, double-spaced, with 1-inch margins all round in MS Word format.
Pages should be numbered consecutively in Arabic numbers at the bottom right centre.

The manuscript should be organized as follows:
Title Page: The first page of manuscript is a title page which should contain: Title of the manuscript, author’/authors’ full names, affiliations of all authors, and information on the corresponding author.

Abstract: Abstract should present the purpose of the research briefly, state the scope of the experiments, indicate significant results, and summarize major findings and conclusions. A concise summary (200-250 words) of the key information of the study will be appropriate. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. Therefore, avoid references/citations in the abstract. Non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should also be avoided, but if essential, they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.

Keywords: 3-6 keywords related to the article’s content should be included and will be used for indexing purposes.

Main Text:
Structured appropriately with the following sections:
Introduction: This should be brief and state the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results. Introduction should clearly state the hypothesis or purpose statement, how and why the purpose or hypothesis was developed and why the author thinks it important.

Methods: This section must contain specific details about the materials studied, instruments used, specialized chemicals, resources and related experimental details which allows other researchers to reproduce the results. Obtain permission for all fully borrowed, adapted, and modified tables and provide a credit line in the footnote. If any animal study was carried out, then the necessary institutional animal ethical committee approval should be taken and should be mentioned in the manuscript. If any human study was carried out, then necessary human ethical committee or appropriate approval should be taken and should be mentioned in the manuscript.

A written consent should be taken from the human subjects or patients involved in the study ensuring their acceptance in the study and publication of relevant data/photos/images in the journal and should be mentioned in the manuscript. The journal will not be responsible if any of the above is not followed and the editor’s decision would be final if any litigation arises during processing or after publishing.

Results: The results should be concisely presented. Tables and figures should be designed to maximize the comprehension of the experimental data. The interpreted results should be explained clearly in the discussions and should be clearly linked to the existing knowledge in the field as clearly as possible. Tables, graphs and figures (Illustrations) should be inserted into the main text at respective places where they should appear when published and should have appropriate numbers and titles with an explanatory heading. Labels of the table, graph and figures must be in the text and should not form part of the image.

Discussion: should be done concisely following the format of presentation of results. Each component of the result should be discussed.

Conclusions. Explain the main conclusion of the work highlighting its importance and relevance. It should not be referenced nor repeated in the abstract.

References and Citations:
Use APA, IEEE or Vancouver Style depending on the discipline.
Ensure that references are complete and formatted according to the APA, IEEE or Vancouver style guide. Only cite relevant and reliable sources, including the most recent literature. Where available, URLs for the references have to be provided.

Acknowledgments: Any funding sources, conflicts of interest, and collaborators or research assistants must be acknowledged.

Conflict of interest: all authors must declare any conflict of interest they may have in the publication of a manuscript or institution or mentioned product. Authors should also declare conflict of interest with products that compete with those mentioned in their manuscript.

Figures and Tables:
Ensure that figures and tables are clearly labelled and referenced in the manuscript text. The figures and tables should be appropriately placed within the text, and each figure or table must be numbered and accompanied by a descriptive caption.

Abbreviations: standard abbreviations should be used throughout the manuscript.

Nomenclature and Units: The SI system should be used for scientific and laboratory data.

Ethical Considerations:
Authors must comply with ethical standards regarding human and animal research.
Manuscripts involving human participants must include a statement of informed consent.
Manuscripts involving animal research must adhere to relevant animal welfare guidelines.

Supplementary Materials:
Any supplementary materials (e.g., datasets, videos, additional figures) should be submitted separately and referenced in the manuscript.
Ensure that supplementary files are appropriately formatted and accessible to readers.

Cover Letter:
A cover letter is required for all submissions and should include:
A brief summary of the manuscript’s contributions.
A statement affirming that the manuscript is not under consideration elsewhere. Any conflicts of interest or financial disclosures.

Revisions:
Authors may be requested to submit revised versions of their manuscripts based on reviewer comments. Please ensure that revisions are clearly marked (e.g., in track changes) and accompanied by a response letter addressing each reviewer’s comments.

Manuscripts should be prepared as Word/LaTex documents in doc/docx/text format only. Papers sent in pdf format will not be accepted. A manuscript number will be mailed to the corresponding author for manuscript tracking.

All submissions undergo a rigorous peer-review process. Authors may be asked to revise their manuscripts based on reviewer feedback.
The journal follows a double-blind peer review process, where the identities of the authors and reviewers are concealed according to journal policy.
The reviewers’ comments will be sent to the corresponding author as soon as they are received from the reviewer.

PROOFS AND REPRINTS
After acceptance of manuscript for publication, electronic proofs will be sent to the corresponding author as pdf file and considered the final version of the draft. With exception of typographical errors, no major changes will be made to the manuscript at this stage. Publication will be done in print and authors will get hard copies.

Copyright Issues
Authors retain the copyrights of their papers, and all articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which allows users to (non-commercially) copy, use, distribute, transmit and display the work publicly and to make and distribute derivative works, in any digital medium for any responsible purpose, subject to proper attribution of authorship. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, and so forth in this publication, even if not specifically identified, does not imply that these names are not protected by the relevant laws and regulations.